27 Jun 2001
OLNEY
(1770-1841)

by Richard Slaney


    Olney is probably  Stephen Olney, a Providence, R.I. carriage-maker.  Stephen Olney was born Feb. 2, 1770 and died in 1841.1  He signs in 1793 a Providence church document that also has the names of Joseph Fuller and Joseph Fuller Jr.2  In 1794, Stephen Olney is married in this same church.3  He is called a "Chaise Maker",  another term for a carriage-maker, in Providence land deeds of 1796 and 1797.4  In 1798, Olney is "languishing within the dreary walls of a prison",  and petitions the R.I. General Assembly for redress under "an act for the relief of insolvent debtors."5 And finally there is the 1801 promissory note for $9.50 from  Stephen Olney to Joseph Fuller.6

observations -   I did not find any document where Stephen Olney, the carriage-maker, is called a toolmaker or planemaker.7 Yet I believe he made the "Olney" planes. His ties to Joseph Fuller, the plane-maker, were strong. The church life and religious beliefs that both men shared would have made them close friends. My guess is that this friendship extended beyond the church and into the workplace. I do not think Stephen Olney apprenticed to, or worked for, Joseph Fuller. The "Olney" planes are not made in the "Fuller" style. Olney may simply have learned from observing his friend Fuller at work that toolmaking could be a profitable enterprise. Or perhaps the work-place connection was Fuller giving advise and encouragement to Olney as he tried his hand at toolmaking. Such selfless behavior would be completely in character for a man as religious as Joseph Fuller. I believe that Stephen Olney made the occasional woodworking plane to supplement his income as a carriage-maker. His working dates as a planemaker are probably the seventeen nineties. Olney apparently developed his own style of planemaking. There are probably less than thirty "Olney" planes that survive today. "OLNEY" should be rated four stars.

Notes:

1. James H. Olney, A Genealogy of the Descendants of Thomas Olney, Providence,1889, p.53. Stephen Olney is called a 'cabinetmaker" in this book.

2. Memorials of the Beneficent Congregational Church. Providence, 1869  The church document signed by Stephen Olney was "The Articles of Faith and Covenant" . Signed by thirty two people in July of 1793, this document marks the beginning of the present day church.

3. James N. Arnold, Vital Record of R.I. 1636-1850. First Series. Providence,1895,Vol.VII,"Friends and Ministers", p.451.

4. Providence Land Deeds at Providence City Hall. Vol.25, p.195, Vol.32, p.81

5. Petitions to the R.I. General Assembly,  Vol.32, Petition 100.

6. Joseph Fuller,  Probate Records at Prov. City Hall, Inventory Bk.1, p.399

7. Petitions. Vol.32, Petition 100. In his petition asking for debt relief Olney talks about a fire in his work shop in which "a number of Chaise Bodies were stove in and other articles of his Work-manship, partly finished, were extremely injured or consumed".
Perhaps these "other articles of his Workmanship" included wood-working planes and other joiner's tools.



 
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